Vinpro Cost Guide 2025 / 2026

especially during certain phenological stages. Waterlogged soils inhibit root respiration and can cause various root diseases, whilst limiting the nutrient uptake and causing increased salinity levels, which can lead to adverse long-term consequences. Irrigation can contribute to managing the situation more effectively, but certain soils may eventually require drainage. The restriction layer in the soil determines the drainage depth, with the base of the drainage trench usually 50 cm below the soil preparation depth. The general width of drainage pipes may vary between 75 - 160 mm, depending on the water volume, distance and slope (which is usually between 0.1 - 0.4%). Gravel is spread in a box-form around a drainage pipe – 40 cm high, 30 cm wide and 10 cm below the pipe. The ideal particle size of the gravel is between 13 - 20 mm, while a plastic layer is only placed on top of the gravel in order to avoid any blockage. Maintenance and cleaning of the drainage pipes are important and manholes are recommended in cases where different pipelines connect or if the lines are longer than 200 m. T-pieces are not recommended for any drainage lines, access eyes could be used to save on expenses. Storage of water – considerations Unpredictable climatic conditions over the past few years have placed increased pressure on water resources and security for cultivation purposes. Producers have a few options by which they can hedge their production units or supplement their water security. One of these options involves upgrading/densification of existing dams, which could limit major water losses and leaks. The construction of new storage dams, although strictly regulated, is not insurmountable and can provide great opportunities with regards to better locations for gravity purposes. The affordability of different dam sites varies according to its location, soil slope and the type of material available on site.

spesifiek tydens sekere fenologiese stadiums. Versuipte gronde inhibeer wortelrespirasie en kan tot ’n verskeidenheid van wortelsiek tes bydra, terwyl die opname van voeding stowwe ingeperk word en soute makliker akkumuleer, wat ernstige nadelige langter myngevolge inhou. Besproeiing kan ’n rol speel om die situasie beter te bestuur, maar uiteindelik is daar sekere gronde wat dreinering sal benodig. Afsnylae in die grond bepaal die diepte van dreinering, met die vloer van die drein eringsloot wat gewoonlik 50 cm onder die grondvoorbereidingsdiepte is. Algemene diktes van dreineringspype wissel tussen 75 - 160 mm na gelang van die watervolume, afstand en val (wat gewoonlik tussen 0.1 - 0.4% is). Gruis word in ’n boksvorm rondom ’n drei neringspyp gelê – 40 cm hoog, 30 cm breed en 10 cm onder die pyp. Die ideale partikel grootte van die klippies is tussen 13 - 20 mm, terwyl ’n plastieklaag slegs bo-oor die gruis geplaas word om verstopping te verhoed. Instandhouding en skoonmaak van drei neringslyne is belangrik en mangate word aanbeveel waar verskillende lyne aansluit of lyne langer as 200 m is. Geen T-stukke word op dreineringslyne aanbeveel nie, maar steekoë kan gebruik word om kostes te bespaar. Opberging van water – oorwegings Wisselende klimaatsfaktore die afgelope paar jaar sit toenemende druk op water hulpbronne en -sekuriteit vir verbouings doeleindes. Produsente het ’n paar opsies waarmee hulle hul eenhede kan verskans of watersekuriteit kan aanvul. Een van die op sies behels die opgradering/verdigting van bestaande damme wat groot waterverliese en -lekkasies kan inperk. Die konstruksie van nuwe opgaardamme, alhoewel streng ge reguleer, is nie onoorkombaar is nie en kan groot geleenthede ten opsigte van beter liggings vir gravitasiedoeleindes bied. Die bekostigbaarheid van verskillende damter reine wissel na gelang van die ligging, helling van die grond en ook tipe materiaal beskik baar op die perseel.

VINPRO KOSTEGIDS / COST GUIDE • 47