Vinpro Technical Harvest Report 2025

2025

Technical Harvest Report

Contents

OVERVIEW

3 4

SEASONAL TRENDS

CLICK ON EACH REGION TO GO TO THE PAGE.

14 18 18 21 21 22 22 26 26 27 31 35 39 39 42 42 42 43 47 51 51 54

BREEDEKLOOF

CAPE SOUTH COAST

Cape South Coast

Elgin

Hemel-en-Aarde valley

VAN LOVEREN WINES

CAPE TOWN

Cape Town Durbanville Constantia

KLEIN KAROO

NORTHERN CAPE

OLIFANTS RIVER

PAARL

Paarl

Franschhoek

Note: The target audience for this technical report is producers, viticulturists and other stakeholders in the wine industry. The in-depth regional overviews serve as a technical reference source for the 2025 harvest; therefore, macro- and micro-climatic phenomena are discussed in each regional overview. Given the geographical distribution of production regions, adjacent regions may overlap significantly, while distant regions may differ more. The collection of regional reports aims to be meaningful as standalone references. Relevant vineyard surface figures (SAWIS) are also reported per region to provide the necessary context.

Tulbagh

Wellington

ROBERTSON

STELLENBOSCH

SWARTLAND

Swartland

Darling

56

WORCESTER

Data supplied by:

Design: Avant Garde 021 863 3165 | Editing: Mieke de Jager

VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 2

Overview

Great excitement surrounds the fairytale that has unfolded throughout the 2025 season. Sustained mild and dry conditions have contributed to the production of excellent quality grapes. Estimated figures reported by viticulturists and producer cellars corroborate the trends identified early in the season. At the time of compiling this report (May 2025), the total harvest is estimated at 1,244 million tonnes, 11.4% higher than the exceptionally small 2024 harvest. Nonetheless, the 2025 production remains comparatively low relative to the average annual production recorded over the past two decades. The primary contributing factors continue to be the decline and ageing of the national vineyard area, which decreased by 1 304 ha in the past year and currently sits at 86 544 ha.

The 2024 post-harvest period was characterised by warm, dry and windy conditions, which promoted optimal canopy functioning and supported the accumulation of carbohydrate reserves. Below-average rainfall during autumn and early winter delayed the vineyards’ recovery following the harvest. Although record rainfall in July (Figure OS 1) reversed the trend and led to flooding along riverbanks for the third consecutive year, damage was largely limited to infrastructure. The winter rains were sufficient to replenish storage dams, securing adequate irrigation supplies for the growing season. Although cold accumulation was generally sufficient (Figure OS 2) , certain regions experienced cultivar-specific challenges due to below-average figures. The growing season

VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 3

Seasonal Trends

Figure OS 1: Rainfall distribution for the Western Cape in July 2024. Darker shades indicate higher rainfall figures, expressed in mm.

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Seasonal Trends

Figure OS 2: Accumulated cold units (Richardson model), May to August 2024, compared to the long-term averages. Blue shades indicate above-average figures, while red shades indicate below-average figures.

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commenced approximately ten days later than the previous year, and this slower pace persisted throughout the season. Moderate temperatures coupled with delayed winter pruning in high-risk areas helped to prevent frost damage, which had been widespread in inland regions such as Breedekloof and Worcester the previous year. In-season flooding was confined to some areas along the Olifants River. Vine growth was vigorous, and disease pressure remained relatively low, although producers still had to stay vigilant to implement timely canopy management actions. Temperate conditions

during bunch and berry development were particularly favourable for berry set. Prior to harvest, the coastal regions in particular experienced below-average temperatures (Figure OS 3) , while the eastern inland regions recorded moderate temperatures, likely due to lower rainfall. Nonetheless, irrigation water supplies remained sufficient following the abundant winter rains. During the harvest period, moderate to cool and dry conditions prevailed across most growing regions, apart from brief heat peaks in December and January. This resulted in occasional sunburn,

VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 6

particularly in the Swartland and other dryland areas. Ripening progressed at a steady rate, alleviating pressure on harvest logistics and cellar space. Across the board, grape analyses indicated above-average acidity levels, alongside intense colour and flavour profiles, which bodes well for the anticipated wine quality. Production trends for early cultivars have shown significant improvement, particularly for Chardonnay and Pinotage, largely due to recovery from frost damage in 2024. Chenin Blanc has recorded variable

production, although quality remains promising. The mid- to late-season cultivars also ripened in a timely manner, particularly the noble red cultivars such as Shiraz and Merlot, and the cornerstone versatile white cultivar, Colombar. The moderate to warm and dry conditions during harvest (Figure OS 4) provided ideal conditions for bringing late-ripening cultivars into the cellar at optimal health and ripeness. It is especially fitting to celebrate the conclusion of this remarkable season alongside Pinotage’s centenary year.

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Seasonal Trends

Figure OS 3: Maximum temperatures during January 2025 in the Western Cape compared to the long-term average. Blue shades represent below-average temperatures, while red shades indicate above-average temperatures.

VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 8

Seasonal Trends

Figure OS 4: Rainfall distribution for March 2025 in the Western Cape. Blue shades represent above-average rainfall, while red shades indicate below-average rainfall.

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Lutzville Valley

OLIFANTS RIVER

Citrusdal Mountain

Citrusdal Valley

Sutherland-Karoo

OLIFANTS RIVER 8 261 ha

Swartland

COASTAL REGION

WORCESTER 6 372 ha

SWARTLAND 11 585 ha

Ceres Plateau

Tulbagh

Darling

Worcester

Wellington

KLEIN KAROO 1 981 ha

BREEDEKLOOF 12 519 ha

BREEDE RIVER VALLEY

PAARL 13 879 ha

Cape Town

Robertson

Paarl

ROBERTSON 12 799 ha

Langeberg-Garcia

Stellenbosch

Franschhoek

CAPE TOWN 2 511 ha

STELLENBOSCH 11 653 ha

Swellendam

Overberg

Elgin

Lower Duivenhoks River

CAPE SOUTH COAST 2 671 ha

Walker Bay

CAPE SOUTH COAST

Cape Agulhas

Total wine grape hectares: 86 544 ha Total tonnes: 1 116 780

2024 SAWIS Statistical Districts

NORTHERN CAPE/REST

OF SA 2 313 ha

Hartswater Rietrivier FS

Grootdrink

Douglas

Central Drakensberg

Kakamas

Lions River

Groblershoop Prieska

Nieuwoudtville

Vredendal

Leipoldtville-Sandveld

Piekenierskloof

Kweekvallei Groenfontein Outeniqua Still Bay East

St Helena Bay Paardeberg

Plettenberg Bay

South Constantia Stanford Foothills

St Francis Bay

VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 10

STATISTICAL DISTRICT: NORTHERN CAPE / REST OF SA WO REGION: Karoo Hoogland and rest of South Africa WO DISTRICT: Central Orange River, Sutherland-Karoo, Prince Albert, Douglas, Central Drakensberg and Lions River WO WARDS: St Francis Bay, Rietrivier FS, Hartswater, Prieska, Groblershoop, Grootdrink, Upington, Keimoes, Kakamas and Lanseria STATISTICAL DISTRICT: OLIFANTS RIVER WO REGION: Olifants River and Coastal Region WO DISTRICT: Citrusdal Valley, Citrusdal Mountain and Lutzville Valley WO WARDS: Nieuwoudtville, Koekenaap, Vredendal, Spruitdrift, Bamboes Bay, Lamberts Bay, Leipoldville-Sandveld, Piekenierskloof and Cederberg STATISTICAL DISTRICT: SWARTLAND WO REGION: Coastal Region WO DISTRICT: Swartland and Darling WO WARDS: Groenekloof, Malmesbury, Riebeekberg, Riebeeksrivier, Porseleinberg, Paardeberg, Paardeberg South, Piket-Bo-Berg and St Helena Bay

STATISTICAL DISTRICT: KLEIN KAROO WO REGION: Klein Karoo

Calitzdorp

WO DISTRICT: Prince Albert, Langeberg-Garcia and Calitzdorp WO WARDS: Koo Plateau, Montagu, Tradouw Highlands, Tradouw, Groenfontein, Cango Valley, Outeniqua, Upper Langkloof, Prince Albert Valley, Kweekvallei and Swartberg

KLEIN KAROO

STATISTICAL DISTRICT: PAARL WO REGION: Coastal Region

Plettenberg Bay

WO DISTRICT: Paarl, Franschhoek, Wellington and Tulbagh WO WARDS: Simonsberg-Paarl, Agter-Paarl, Voor-Paardeberg, Blouvlei, Bovlei, Groenberg, Mid-Berg Rivier and Limietberg STATISTICAL DISTRICT: ROBERTSON WO REGION: Breede River Valley WO DISTRICT: Robertson WO WARDS: Vinkrivier, Eilandia, Agterkliphoogte, Le Chasseur, Goree, Zandrivier, Hoopsrivier, Klaasvoogds, Goedemoed, McGregor, Boesmansrivier, Goudmyn, Ashton and Bonnievale STATISTICAL DISTRICT: STELLENBOSCH WO REGION: Coastal Region WO DISTRICT: Stellenbosch WO WARDS: Vlottenburg, Polkadraai Hills, Bottelary, Devon Valley, Papegaaiberg, Jonkershoek Valley, Simonsberg Stellenbosch and Banghoek

WO Wards WO Districts WO Regions

STATISTICAL DISTRICT: WORCESTER WO REGION: Breede River Valley

WO DISTRICT: Worcester and Ceres Plateau WO WARDS: Stettyn, Scherpenheuvel, Nuy, Hex River Valley, Keeromsberg, Rooikrans, Ceres and Moordkuil

STATISTICAL DISTRICT: BREEDEKLOOF WO REGION: Breede River Valley WO DISTRICT: Breedekloof WO WARDS: Slanghoek and Goudini

STATISTICAL DISTRICT: CAPE SOUTH COAST WO REGION: Cape South Coast

WO DISTRICT: Overberg, Elgin, Walker Bay, Cape Agulhas, Swellendam, Lower Duiwenhoks River and Plettenberg Bay WO WARDS: Elandskloof, Kaaimansgat, Theewater, Bot River, Hemel-en-Aarde Valley, Upper Hemel-en-Aarde Valley, Hemel-en Aarde Ridge, Stanford Foothills, Springfontein Rim, Klein River, Sunday’s Glen, Napier, Elim, Greyton, Stormsvlei, Buffeljags, Malgas, Still Bay East and Herbertsdale STATISTICAL DISTRICT: CAPE TOWN WO REGION: Coastal Region WO DISTRICT: Cape Town WO WARDS: Hout Bay, Constantia, Durbanville and Philadelphia

Map compiled by: Heinrich Schloms SAWIS statistiekstreke Phone: 083 480 2686 / 021 276 0432 www.vinpro.co.za

VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 11

The Vinpro Consultation Service’s team of specialists in viticulture, soil science, and GIS offers wine producers innovative, tailored solutions that support both vineyard and cellar operations. With a strong presence across all major wine-growing regions, the team provides strategic, hands-on support to help producers navigate the challenges of a rapidly evolving industry. Guided by Vinpro’s purpose – to convert technical knowledge into tangible solutions across every aspect of production – they empower clients and members to consistently produce higher-quality products of the vine. The goal is clear: to drive profitable yields that enable wine businesses to thrive. Collectively, the team brings over 180 years of experience to the table, blending tradition and innovation for long-term success. CONSULTATION SERVICE We walk the vineyard with you

Etienne Terblanche Consultation Service Manager 072 402 7434 etienne@vinpro.co.za

Hanno van Schalkwyk Viticulturist: Paarl/ Swartland 083 455 5192 hanno@vinpro.co.za

Gert Engelbrecht Viticulturist: Stellenbosch/ Cape South Coast 072 152 4028 gerte@vinpro.co.za

Hennie Visser Viticulturist: Robertson 083 455 5193 henniev@vinpro.co.za

tel: +27 (0)21 276 0429 | e-mail: info@vinpro.co.za | website: www.vinpro.co.za

VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 12

Consultation Services

GEN-Z VINEYARD PROJECT Future of viticulture

The Gen-Z Vineyard Project is a collaborative viticulture knowledge-exchange initiative designed to support South African wine grape growers on their journey toward successful, sustainable vineyard management. By establishing small scale field demonstrations across key wine regions, the project showcases the latest practices, technologies, and vineyard tools in action. These demos serve as hands-on learning opportunities that connect growers, viticulturists, and farm managers to both new innovations and improvements on existing methods. The ultimate goal is to equip producers with practical insights and real-world data, enabling them to make informed, future focused decisions within their production systems.

Callie Coetzee Viticulturist: Worcester/ Breedekloof 083 526 1486 callie@vinpro.co.za

Klaas Coetzee Viticulturist:

Olifants River 082 801 3737 klaas@vinpro.co.za

Emma Carkeek Knowledge & Technology Transfer Manager 082 568 2918 emma@vinpro.co.za

Logan Jooste GEN-Z Viticulturist 078 142 9931 logan@vinpro.co.za

Heinrich Scholms GIS Soil Scientist 083 480 2686 heinrich@vinpro.co.za

Yolandi Botha Agricultural Economist 082 625 6605 yolandi@vinpro.co.za

Elzanne Bosman GEN-Z Viticulturist 082 776 8049 elzanne@vinpro.co.za

VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 13

Breedekloof

BREEDEKLOOF DISTRICT

TOP 5 CULTIVARS

22%

38%

Chenin Blanc Colombar Sauvignon Blanc Pinotage Chardonnay Other

14%

13%

6% 7%

TOTAL HECTARES 12 519 UPROOTED IN 2024 492 | PLANTED IN 2024 297

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Climatic and viticultural trends

In early cultivars, véraison occurred in line with the long-term average, whereas mid- and late-season cultivars ripened slightly earlier than usual. Nevertheless, the véraison period was extended, and considerable variability in ripeness was expected. The onset of the harvest season, particularly in Sauvignon Blanc vineyards, corresponded with the long-term average. Chenin Blanc and Pinotage ripened slightly later, with harvesting commencing approximately one week later than usual. Harvest dates for mid- and late season cultivars were generally consistent with long-term averages. General remarks in certain Chenin Blanc blocks, where some buds had already begun to swell. However, losses were significantly lower this season compared to the frost damage experienced in September 2023. Conditions were generally favourable, aside from a period of high fungal pressure at the end of October following heavy rains. Nonetheless, producers implemented strict preventive fungal control programmes, effectively limiting the risk of infection. Vineyard growth was moderate, resulting in fewer tipping and topping actions being required. Canopy actions were also carried out later in the season due to sluggish shoot growth. Initial ripening in the red cultivars was uneven, which complicated sampling efforts. The ripening period was preceded by a cooler period, followed by extremely high As in 2023, floods in July caused damage to vineyards, roads, and infrastructure. By the end of August, minor frost damage was recorded

Following the 2024 harvest, post harvest temperatures were mo derate, and rainfall remained low. Average temperatures in May and

June 2024 were higher than in 2023 (Table BK 1) . As a result, leaves remained on the vines for a longer period, allowing for the sufficient accumulation of carbohydrate reserves. Cold units began accumulating from mid-June and eventually reached sufficient levels. Heavy rainfall in July ensured that the region received adequate winter rainfall for the season. The vines emerged from dormancy without any issues, and as a result, the application of dormancy-breaking agents was not required. Although bud burst occurred later than in 2023, the timing remained close to the long term average. Budding was generally uniform, except for certain Shiraz blocks, where unevenness was observed. The flowering period corresponded with the typical seasonal window but was prolonged. The mid- to late season cultivars flowered slightly earlier than usual, although their flowering period was also extended. Overall, fruit set was satisfactory. This trend was generally consistent in Colombar and Chenin Blanc; however, it became apparent at this early stage that many Chenin Blanc vines were displaying fewer bunches per vine. Shiraz exhibited substantial variability in berry set, alongside noticeable differences in the number of bearing shoots per position. Vine growth was moderate, and the low rainfall during the spring and summer periods contributed to effective management of weeds and diseases.

Table BK 1: Year-on-year comparison of average temperatures in May and June (2023–2024), as measured at Bothasguns weather station.

Avg daily max temp (°C)

Avg daily min temp (°C)

Max temp measured (°C)

Min temp measured (°C)

Month

Avg temp (°C)

May-23 May-24 Jun-23 Jun-24

13,71 16,13 13,35 12,54

20,42 24,52 16,58 19,93

7,48 8,29

31,15 32,32 22,33 25,99

0,5

3,58 0,22

10,49

5,85

0,8

VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 15

temperatures in early February. This put pressure on some producers’ irrigation capacity, leading to berry dehydration in unbuffered vineyards (Photo BK 1) . Nonetheless, grape health remained largely intact, with minimal incidence of Botrytis bunch rot observed.

“

The Pinotage harvest has impressed us this year and seems particularly promising. – Michiel Visser, Senior Winemaker, Botha Cellar

Production trends In the Breedekloof district, the harvest season commenced in early February, consistent with the long-term average, with Sauvignon Blanc being the first cultivar harvested. Both Chenin Blanc and Pinotage were ready for harvest a week later than usual, whereas mid- and late season cultivars were harvested in line with the typical harvest window. Compared to the 2024 season, yields in 2025 were generally higher, apart from Chenin Blanc, where smaller yields were recorded due to fewer bunches per vine. Chardonnay and Pinotage yields increased significantly, primarily due to recovery from frost damage sustained in 2024, which had severely limited yields. Pinotage and Sauvignon Blanc achieved optimal sugar levels within the expected timeframe, while later ripening cultivars maintained a slower ripening pace.

Grape and wine quality

The grape analyses for Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc, and Chardonnay were satisfactory, with impressive primary aromas. Some of the

Colombar grape samples displayed slightly higher-than-normal pH levels, and the juice of the early red cultivars exhibited good colour development. For the bulk of the vineyard blocks of the mid- and late-ripening red cultivars, the colour was slightly lighter than in 2024, primarily due to climatic conditions and the recovery of yields to more viable levels. The young wines from the top-class premium blocks show beautiful colour development (Photo BK 2) and promise excellent quality.

Photo BK 1: Bunches showing berry dehydration and shrivelling, mainly due to temporary undersupply of irrigation water. Breedekloof, February 2025.

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Photo BK 2: Uniform véraison and colour development in a premium Cabernet Sauvignon block. Breedekloof, March 2025.

Callie Coetzee | 083 526 1486 | callie@vinpro.co.za

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Cape South Coast

CAPE SOUTH COAST REGION

TOP 5 CULTIVARS

27%

28%

Sauvignon Blanc Chardonnay Pinot Noir Shiraz Cabernet Sauvignon Other

5%

15%

11%

14%

PAUL CLUVER HARVEST 2025

TOTAL HECTARES 2 671 UPROOTED IN 2024 67 | PLANTED IN 2024 38

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Climatic and viticultural trends

spring and summer months was the absence of extreme heat events. There were fewer days with maximum temperatures exceeding 33 °C compared to the previous season, and the average temperature during January was 1–1.5 °C lower than the long-term average. The onset of flowering, véraison, and harvest occurred about two weeks later than in the previous season but remained consistent with long-term trends. General remarks initial growth and yellowed leaves were noted in certain areas, particularly in the Elgin district, where low soil temperatures had an impact. However, the vines quickly recovered after the first warm weather in October and strong, luxurious growth was observed (Photo CSC 1) . Water supplies were sufficient to meet the vineyards’ needs throughout the season. The absence of diseases and pests and the lack of strong winds, heat events, hail, and rain damage contributed to favourable growing and ripening conditions throughout the season. Signs of the record rainfall from the past two seasons were still evident, with symptoms of dead arm disease observed across the region. Slow

The Cape South Coast region received adequate rainfall during the 2024 post-harvest period. As in other regions, true winter conditions were

delayed, with warmer weather extending into June, followed by above-average rainfall in July. In the Elgin district, approximately 400 mm of rain was recorded in July alone (Figure CSC 1) . Higher autumn and early winter temperatures delayed the accumulation of cold units, particularly in the Walker Bay area. The target number of cold units was reached approximately 14 days later than in the previous season. The Elgin district also experienced more windy days during the flowering period compared to the previous year. In contrast to the record rainfall and cold conditions that prevailed throughout the season prior, September 2024 saw normal rainfall levels and average temperatures. As a result, the soil was not as cold and wet at the start of the budding period. Rainfall throughout the growing season was consistent with long-term averages, although conditions became drier than usual as summer approached. February was exceptionally dry, which helped reduce disease pressure during the harvest. Another positive aspect of the

Monthly rainfall: May 2023 to Feb 2025 (Elgin)

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Rainfall (mm)

0 50

Jan Feb Mar

Apr

Mei

Jun Jul

Aug Sep Okt

Nov Des

2023 2024 2025

Figure CSC 1: Monthly rainfall figures from May 2023 to February 2025 for Elgin (Beaulieu).

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Production trends The start of the harvest season in the Cape South Coast region was delayed by approximately two weeks due to cooler weather compared to the previous season. Production of the early cultivars, Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, varied between producers and wards. Yields were close to normal, and the grapes were healthy and of good quality. As the harvest progressed, mid- and late-season cultivars, such as Sauvignon Blanc and Shiraz, showed improved production, with harvest dates aligning with the usual timing. A slight improvement over the low yields of 2024 is expected (Photo CSC 2) . The cool ripening period not only resulted in even ripening, but also exceptional pH and acidity levels in the juice and wines, ensuring fresh, clean and intense flavours and a vibrant palette, alongside good colour and ageing potential of the red wines. – Johann Fourie, Winemaker and Cellar Master, Benguela Cove

“

Photo CSC 1: Robust vegetative growth noted in a Shiraz block in the Agulhas Wine Triangle.

Photo CSC 2: Example of a healthy Chenin Blanc bunch in the Agulhas Wine Triangle. Chenin Blanc’s compact bunches often increase the risk of bunch rot, which was minimal during 2025.

Photo CSC 3: Healthy Shiraz grapes with excellent colour development, harvested in March 2025 in the Elgin district.

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Grape and wine quality

Summary In the Cape South Coast region, where humid growing conditions often present challenges, a dry summer is always welcome news for wine grape producers. This season, producers were further blessed with ample water supplies and moderate weather, with fewer cloudy days, creating excellent conditions for ripening.

Lower humidity and summer rainfall, combined with moderate temperatures, especially in January, provided excellent conditions during

the ripening period. Sugar accumulation was optimal, and several producers noted satisfactory acidity and pH levels. The red cultivars showed excellent colour (Photo CSC 3) , while Sauvignon Blanc wines displayed abundant cultivar character throughout the region.

ELGIN DISTRICT

HEMEL-EN-AARDE VALLEY WARD

Producers reported varied production trends, particularly among the early cultivars. As the season progressed, production improved, and a slight increase in yields was expected. The contrast between the warm 2024 season and the cooler 2025 season was especially evident in the Elgin district. February’s dry conditions ensured healthy grapes and ideal ripening. Excellent grape analyses and aroma development were achieved, thanks to predominantly moderate temperatures, with maximum temperatures exceeding 33 °C on only a few days throughout the season.

Good post-harvest and winter rains and sufficient follow-up rains in the spring created ideal conditions for optimal growth and ensured adequate water supplies. Waterlogging was largely avoided as the spring rains were less overwhelming than the previous season. Although temperatures were true to the long-term averages, January deviated from the norm with cooler maximum temperatures. February was very dry, which promoted ripening and ensured low disease pressure. A marginal increase in yield and excellent wine quality are expected.

RIJK’S

Gert Engelbrecht | 072 152 4028 | gerte@vinpro.co.za

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Cape Town

CAPE TOWN DISTRICT

TOP 5 CULTIVARS

20%

38%

7%

Sauvignon Blanc Cabernet Sauvignon

10%

Merlot Shiraz Chardonnay Other

11% 14%

CONSTANTIA-GLEN

TOTAL HECTARES 2 511 UPROOTED IN 2024 163 | PLANTED IN 2024 47

VINPRO TEGNIESE OESVERSLAG 2024 22 VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 22

Climatic and viticultural trends

speeds, with winds predominantly from the south, bringing in cool air daily (Figure CT 2) . As a result, temperatures in November, December, and particularly January, were much lower than in the previous season. Constantia received good spring rains, and Durbanville also recorded follow-up rains in October and December. Moderate, dry conditions prevailed throughout the harvest season, with almost no daytime temperatures above 33 °C, which ensured optimal ripening conditions. General remarks virtually no sunburn damage was reported. The highest temperatures of the season were recorded in the Durbanville ward, with only one day exceeding 33 °C. Heavy winter rains, followed by rain showers throughout the growing season, supported optimal vine growth, production, and grape ripening. Vine diseases were successfully controlled, with only a few cases of powdery mildew and downy mildew reported near the Peninsula, where rainfall was more frequent (Photo CT 1) . The Cape Town district escaped the extreme daytime temperatures experienced by most other regions on 25 and 26 December, and as a result,

During the 2024 post-harvest period, warmer-than-normal maximum temperatures prevailed in May, and especially in June. Strong winds and

extremely dry conditions, particularly in the Durbanville ward, accelerated leaf fall to early April. The first winter rains arrived at the beginning of June, followed by record rainfall in July and August, with the Constantia ward recording more than 300 mm of precipitation during these months (Figure CT 1) . Higher temperatures in June led to slower accumulation of cold units compared to 2023. The target number of cold units was reached 30 days later than usual in the Durbanville ward and seven days later in the Constantia ward. Cold conditions persisted well into August, which delayed budding by approximately two weeks compared to the previous season. Near-normal temperatures were recorded in September. The vines generally budded evenly and satisfactorily, and conditions during the growing season were excellent. The Constantia ward was spared the extreme wind gusts experienced in the previous season. However, Durbanville recorded higher maximum wind

Monthly rainfall: 2023/24 vs 2024/25 (Constantia)

350

300

250

200

2023 2024 2025

150

Rainfall (mm)

100

50

0

Jan Feb Mar

Apr May Jun Jul

Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Figure CT 1: Monthly rainfall figures for the 2023–2024 and 2024–2025 growing seasons in Constantia (Klein Constantia).

VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 23

Figure CT 2: Daily maximum wind speed during October and November for 2023 and 2024 in Durbanville (Diemersdal), where winds exceeded 18 km/h (physiological threshold value). After 38 years in the wine industry and 20 years at De Grendel, the 2025 vintage is certainly one of the best due to favourable climatic conditions that prevailed throughout the season. The wines boast excellent analyses and balance. – Charles Hopkins, Cellar Master and Winemaker, De Grendel “ 18 28 38 48 58 68 78 88 98 01-Oct 06-Oct 11-Oct 16-Oct 21-Oct 26-Oct 31-Oct 05-Nov 10-Nov 15-Nov 20-Nov Daily maximum windspeed (km/h) Daily maximum windspeed (Durbanville) 2023 Diemersdal - Avg. max. w/spd (km/h) 2024 Diemersdal - Avg. max. w/spd (km/h)

Production trends The 2025 season’s production must be viewed in the context of the record Sauvignon Blanc harvest of the previous year. Sauvignon Blanc accounts for almost 40% of the region’s vineyard area, and producers had anticipated a yield decline of around 10% in 2025 compared to the previous season – a prediction that proved accurate. Nevertheless, all the main cultivars still delivered good average yields, resulting in a slight overall decrease in crop size for 2025. Although the harvest started later than in 2024, the mid- and late-season cultivars were still ready for picking at their usual times.

Photo CT 1: Coastal areas often receive more rain than surrounding areas. Here, a grapevine in Noordhoek displays above-ground rootlets due to extremely high humidity and groundwater saturation in early spring.

VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 24

Grape and wine quality

Summary Most producers are usually hesitant to speculate about potential wine quality; there are so many factors that must work together throughout the season, making it difficult to form an opinion. This season, however, is not the case. Producers are pleased with and excited about the excellent 2025 vintage, largely due to moderate temperatures throughout the season, no heat waves, and excellent ripening conditions.

Grape health was excellent due to dry weather conditions and cooler temperatures during ripening. Good sugar and acidity levels generated

early excitement among producers, with positive feedback from the outset. All wines show excellent cultivar character, and the red wines promise good colour and intensity. Producers are particularly enthusiastic about the Sauvignon Blanc wines from this vintage, which are of outstanding quality.

CONSTANTIA

VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 25

CONSTANTIA WARD

The cooler average minimum temperatures in July and August provided optimal conditions for a restful winter dormancy period. The reduced frequency of strong winds during the early part of the growing season supported healthy growth and flowering, while the temperatures were ideal for a cultivar like Sauvignon Blanc. Not a single day saw temperatures surpassing 33 °C. Producers anticipate a solid but average yield across the full cultivar spectrum, as in the previous year. There was little to no rainfall in February and early March, contributing to ideal ripening and harvesting conditions. However, beneficial rainfall in December, just before the critical véraison phase, helped to boost production.

DURBANVILLE WARD

Although the winter season arrived late, the vineyards could still accumulate sufficient cold units. Night temperatures in August were more than 2 °C lower than the previous season, creating favourable conditions for a cultivar like Chardonnay, which is sensitive to uneven budding caused by suboptimal cold conditions. In December, the ward recorded 20 mm of rain, which was ideal for dryland vineyards. Following this, rainfall was minimal, resulting in low disease pressure and ensuring the grapes remained healthy throughout the growing season. What truly stood out in the Durbanville ward this year, however, was the consistently cooler summer temperatures – a stark contrast to the previous season. As a result, producers were thrilled about some of the best grape analyses to date. The 2025 vintage from Durbanville is set to impress when it reaches the market.

LOTHIAN VINEYARDS

Gert Engelbrecht | 072 152 4028 | gerte@vinpro.co.za

VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 26

Klein Karoo

KLEIN KAROO REGION

TOP 5 CULTIVARS

31%

35%

Colombar Chenin Blanc Muscat D’Alexandrie Sauvignon Blanc

4%

21%

4%

5%

Shiraz Other

TOTAL HECTARES 1 981 UPROOTED IN 2024 62 | PLANTED IN 2024 49

VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 27

Climatic and viticultural trends

General remarks

Vine leaves fell earlier than usual following the harvest, after late outbreaks of downy mildew caused by heavy rainfall in March and April.

The dry growing season resulted in low fungal disease pressure. This favourable weather, combined with effective preventative disease

Rainfall decreased during May and June, while early winter temperatures remained significantly higher than normal. However, rainfall increased sharply from mid-July onwards, and total precipitation for the season ultimately exceeded the long-term average. Temperatures dropped steeply from mid-July, resulting in a cold, late winter for the Klein Karoo. The accumulation of cold units was sufficient to break dormancy, and as such, it was not necessary to apply any dormancy breaking agents. Late-season rainfall also replenished irrigation dams, ensuring producers had an adequate water supply for irrigation. The cold, late winter delayed bud burst, with vines budding two to three weeks later than usual. In general, bud burst was good and even, although initial shoot growth was slow due to cold, wet soils in early spring. However, as temperatures rose, vegetative growth rates increased significantly. Ultimately, the vines grew more vigorously and more evenly than in a typical season. Due to the delayed budding, most blocks avoided widespread frost on 28 August, with only minor frost damage reported. As a result, flowering and fruit set occurred later than usual and under more favourable conditions. Fruit set was notably better than in the previous growing season. Véraison occurred one to two weeks later than usual, with the period being extended and considerable unevenness observed. Early cultivars ripened one to two weeks later than normal, while most late cultivars ripened at their usual times. Although rainfall during the growing season was limited, producers had sufficient water for irrigation, having started the season with full dams and reservoirs.

control, led to healthy canopies and grapes. Although minimal frost damage was reported, a few producers in the Montagu area experienced hail damage (Photo KK 1) . Crop losses were limited, and since the hail occurred before fruit set, there were no subsequent losses due to rot. As a result, grapes could be harvested at the desired sugar levels. The Ladismith area also experienced hail damage during the harvest season. Some producers recorded crop losses, and damaged grapes had to be pressed immediately to prevent further losses. Ultimately, the crop losses were less severe than initially expected. The dry conditions during harvest contributed to healthy grapes and canopies, as well as good sugar accumulation. Although heavy rainfall in late March caused Botrytis bunch rot in some blocks, crop losses were negligible, as the grapes were already ripe and could be pressed without delay.

Photo KK 1: An example of the hail damage observed before véraison in Montagu. Although the canopy was significantly damaged, the impact on crop size was minimal.

VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 28

Production trends The harvesting season started approximately two weeks later than usual, and the 2025 harvest was slightly larger than that of 2024. This increase can largely be attributed to the sufficient availability of irrigation water throughout the season, improved fruit set, more vigorous vine growth, and lower-than normal losses due to exceptionally healthy grapes. In the Montagu area, Chenin Blanc production improved, while yields in the Ladismith area reached double-digit increases. Following the previous year’s crop failure, Muscadel yields in the region

improved significantly. Ruby Cabernet set well and produced excellent yields. Colombar production in the Montagu area was mostly in line with the previous season, while yields in the Ladismith area returned to the long-term average. Grapes were generally healthy due to favourable weather conditions, although a limited occurrence of rot was observed late in the harvest following heavy rains in the Montagu area. Canopies remained healthy, even after harvest. The yields of other red cultivars, apart from Ruby Cabernet, were comparable to the long-term average. Given the favourable conditions throughout the season, grape quality was excellent. and required adjustment. Producers were optimistic about excellent wine quality, with white wines displaying a fruity flavour profile. Colour development in the red cultivars was also impressive. The 2025 season is expected to improve on 2024, thanks to the healthy grapes that could be pressed with minimal disruption. Overall, the wine quality promises to be excellent.

Grape and wine quality

The harvest season progressed smoothly, supported by dry, favou rable weather conditions and moderate temperatures (Figure KK

1) , with only minor interruptions. Although grape analyses were favourable across all cultivars, organic acids proved less stable than expected

Daily maximum temperatures: January & February 2025 (Montagu)

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Figure KK 1: Daily maximum temperatures in Montagu (Derdeheuwel) for January and February 2025, with a few days where maximum temperatures above 35 °C were recorded.

VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 29

Die grafiek dui die afwesigheid van hittegolwe aan. Daar was wel uitskieter warm dae maar nie 'n aaneenlopende tydperk van ekstr

The wine quality is exceptional, with fuller-style wines. This season, high alcohol conversion contributed to the wines’ full bodied character. The colour of the red wines is particularly striking. Thanks to the ideal ripening weather, red grapes ripened at a lower sugar level, which resulted in lower pH levels, positively impacting the colour. – Hermias Vollgraaff, Cellar Manager, Montagu Wine Cellar “

GRAHAM BECK ROBERTSON VINEYARDS

Hennie Visser | 083 455 5193 | henniev@vinpro.co.za

VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 30

Northern Cape

NORTHERN CAPE REGION

TOP 5 CULTIVARS

Northern Cape

17%

5% 4% 2%

42%

Colombar Chenin Blanc Villard Blanc

30%

Cabernet Sauvignon Muscat D’Alexandrie Other

NORTHERN CPAE TOURISM

TOTAL HECTARES 2 313 UPROOTED IN 2024 127 | PLANTED IN 2024 –

VINPRO TECHNICAL HARVEST REPORT 2025 31

Climatic and viticultural trends

production levels (Figure NC 1) . Vigorous shoot growth occurred from mid-October, and early topping encouraged side shoot development. Fruit set was even, although producers noted smaller berries on bunches of some late cultivars. Véraison began in the second week of December, and the ripening tempo was affected by the crop load. Early cultivars, such as Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc, as well as Chenin Blanc planted on stony soils, experienced a shorter ripening period. For these cultivars, harvest timing was similar to that of the 2024 season. The remaining cultivars had a later ripening period, approximately 14 days later than the 2024 harvest. General remarks

In the Northern Cape region, leaves remained on the vines later than usual due to warm temperatures that persisted well into June. However,

after a brief cold front (11–12 May) with minimum temperatures dipping below 7 °C, leaves began to fall. Despite a warm autumn and winter, which resulted in the accumulation of fewer cold units, the vineyards still built-up sufficient reserves. This was reflected in the strong and even bud burst. Sap flow became noticeable by mid-July, and woolly buds appeared from 2 September onwards. As usual, the budding period occurred between 12 and 23 September; however, the budding pattern prevented exposure to the late frost events on 1 and 2 October. Budding generally occurred first near the crowns of the vines, with the fruitful buds of long-bearers lagging approximately eight days behind. Where the shoot growth was uneven, earlier tip pruning and shoot thinning were recommended. Chenin Blanc and later-budding cultivars were spared the windy conditions during flowering and fruit set, resulting in particularly good

This season, vineyards were largely spared from diseases and pests. Powdery mildew, which typically arises during the post-harvest period,

especially after a long growing season, was kept at bay with preventive sprays, as rain was expected during the growing season. Frequent heatwaves suppressed disease development but increased weed pressure, and vineyard inter-rows had to be mowed more frequently.

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During the harvest, intermittent rainfall allowed the vines time to dry out. A light breeze provided relief, delaying the onset of Botrytis bunch rot until the end of February, which ultimately had a positive impact on tonnage.

Production trends The harvesting season began in the second week of January, followed by a quieter period at the end of the month. February marked the peak of the harvest season, with high volumes of grapes harvested from the third week of February until the first week of March. The wine grape intake began to decline by mid-March, signalling the approach of the harvest’s end, with the season expected to conclude by 4 April. Producers in the Douglas area had already completed their harvest by 26 March. Overall production in the region increased, although early-season cultivars, such as Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, and Irsay Oliver, achieved lower yields. Cabernet Sauvignon did not achieve the exceptional production levels seen in other red cultivars, likely due to the ageing status of these vineyards. Later-season cultivars, such as Chenin Blanc, Colombar, Shiraz, and especially Ruby Cabernet, produced substantial harvests. At Lowerland, we experienced a phenomenal season. It was the first time in 12 years that we weren’t hit by either frost or hail. It was exceptionally cool in January and February, but the rain caught us in the end during the Tannat harvest, around mid-March.

Photo NC 1. An example of the impact of hail damage on one side of the canopy during ripening.

Grape and wine quality

Grape analyses indicated good acidity, although pH levels were higher than usual this season. Untimely rain showers and hail during

the harvest (Photo NC 1) adversely affected the quality of the white wines, resulting in lower sugar levels mid-season and bunch rot towards the end of the season. Juice recovery was higher than usual. Despite a higher tonnage, the red cultivars showed improved colour development compared to the previous season. Ripening was slightly delayed due to the increased crop load. Summary The Northern Cape wine region produced an exceptional harvest in 2025, with above average yields across all cultivars, from Augrabies to Douglas and Prieska. Among the white cultivars, Chenin Blanc and Colombar made the largest contributions, while Shiraz and Ruby Cabernet were the red cultivars with the best production. Despite experiencing a poor winter dormancy and frequent heatwaves, maximum temperatures were not as high as the previous season. Budding occurred only 3–4 days later than normal, with good fruit set and limited occurrences

“

– Bertie Coetzee, Owner, Lowerland Estate, Prieska

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of millerandage. Ripening began in mid December, which aligned with the long term average. The harvest season began in the second week of January, with early cultivars producing average yields. After a brief rest period at the end of January, the bulk of the grapes were harvested in February and March, with high yields. Later in the season, Botrytis bunch rot developed due to above-average rainfall in the region, which exceeded the annual average, with over 200 mm of precipitation recorded in some areas. This negatively affected wine quality for the vineyards harvested after the rains. White juice developed a brown colour as the season progressed, and lower sugar levels presented a challenge. However, seen as a whole, the overall quality was well maintained. Producers were particularly impressed with the red juice, which developed excellent colour despite the higher tonnage (Photo NC 2) . The year will undoubtedly be remembered for excellent yields alongside prosperity in other agricultural industries, all amidst a period of financial pressure. Despite rain during harvest, prolonged heatwaves, late winds, and a poor winter, high-quality grapes were produced. A hymn of gratitude echoes along the Orange River.

Photo NC 2: Shiraz vineyard with an impressive yield and even véraison.

Natasja Combrink | 072 658 6903 | natasja@owk.co.za

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Olifants River

OLIFANTS RIVER REGION

TOP 5 CULTIVARS

23%

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5%

Chenin Blanc Colombar Sauvignon Blanc Pinotage

7%

26%

9%

NAMAQUA WINE CELLARS

Shiraz Other

TOTAL HECTARES 8 261 UPROOTED IN 2024 336 | PLANTED IN 2024 178

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Climatic and viticultural trends

submerged. This provided producers with the opportunity to successfully control weeds and pests. By 28 September, additional rainfall had been recorded, with extremely low temperatures on the night of 1 October. Frost affected low-lying parts of Lutzville and Koekenaap, but only a few vineyards experienced damage. Jumping to another extreme, uncharacteristically high temperatures were recorded from 3–7 October, ranging between 35–41 °C. Rainfall occurred from 25–27 October, and the river overflowed its banks once again. Temperatures throughout the season remained moderate, with average maximum temperatures from December to March significantly lower than those of the 2024 season (Figure OL 1) . The dew point was significantly higher this year compared to the previous season, resulting in many mornings when vineyards remained wet for extended periods. Blocks harvested at night, in particular, showed lower sugar levels than expected, which necessitated adjustments to the harvest schedule (Figure OL 2) .

Following the post-harvest period, the onset of the Olifants River region’s rainy season was delayed, which allowed the vineyards to accumulate

sufficient reserves. After the first rainfall in early June, the vines began shedding their leaves, and the vineyards entered winter dormancy. The region experienced short warm spells before cold weather began in early July. By mid-July, the Olifants River had overflowed its banks for the first time, and the river had repeatedly flooded throughout the season, with some vineyards submerged for up to two months. Bud burst occurred later this year than in the previous season due to delayed cold weather conditions. As a result, the accumulation of cold units also occurred later, and pruning actions were postponed. Those who waited for adequate cold unit accumulation before pruning commenced were rewarded with good, even budding and improved harvest expectations. From 21 September, a strong easterly wind regularly blew, which helped to dry out the low-lying vineyards that had been

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Figure OL 1: Year-on-year comparison of daily maximum temperatures from September to March (2024–2025).

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