A Guide to Grapevine Abnormalities in South Africa - P.G. GOUSSARD

Stem-borer larvae (343); snails (344).

PHOTO 343. A longitudinal section of the example in Photo 342 indicates the presence, as well as the feeding activities, of stem-borer larvae in the pith sections.

PHOTO 344. Severe, direct snail damage to this young shoot in spring – indicating that the original shoot tip and young leaves were destroyed – results in the premature burst of lateral shoot buds.

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