Technical Yearbook 2024

FIGURE 4. Comparison of hydraulic conductivity (a) and COD removal (b) of raw sand and fractionated sand (particles ≤0.425 mm removed). 3

TABLE 1. Treatment capacity and number of biosand reactor modules required for different wineries (adapted from Holtman et al ., 2023). Parameter units Grapes crushed per annum tonnes 10 100 1 000 2 000 5 000 Wastewater generated per annum m 3 .year -1 37 313 2 633 4 996 11 654 Wastewater generated per day (average)  80% during the crush period m 3 .day -1 0.3 2.7 23 43 100  50% during the crush period m 3 .day -1 0.2 1.7 14 27 63

Number of 5.6 m 3 BSR modules required  80% wastewater in crush period  50% wastewater in crush period

each each

1 1

1 1

3 2

6 4

13

8

•

skilled operation is not required; and

of Expertise and Technology (Winetech) (CSUR 13091742538). Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and the funding entities do not accept any liability in this regard. 

• fiscal requirements for operation are minimal because they are gravity-fed and not aerated. Funding This work was supported by the Wine Industry Network

References https://www.wineland.co.za/biosand-reactors-as-a-feasible-solution-for-the-treatment-of-winery-wastewater-part-1/

For more information, contact Gareth Holtman at gareth@holtman.co.za.

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TECHNICAL YEARBOOK 2024