Technical Yearbook 2023
3,0 TABLE 1. Catch crop dry matter production (DMP) determined for the different treatments which were irrigated with diluted winery wastewater on open land for four years. Treatment no. Species DMP (t/ha) 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 Pearl millet 0.31 0.04 0.54 0.75 2 Barsweet sorghum 0.68 0.41 0.86 1.10 3 Fodder radish 0.09 0.33 0.00 0.00 4 Eragrostis teff 0.37 0.19 0.98 0.21 5 Cow peas 0.80 0.38 0.13 0.26 6 Chicory 0.85 0.48 1.18 0.62 7 Dolichos beans 0.35 3.04 0.60 0.24 8 Vetiver grass 0.40 1.42 5.70 1.29 9 Bottle brush grass 0.00 0.42 0.12 0.00 10 Weeping lovegrass 0.26 0.75 0.38 0.23 LSD (p=0.05) NS 0.86 0.73 0.68 0,5 Nitrogen (%) Phosphorus (%)
2,5 3,0
0,4 0,5
Phosphorus (%)
Nitrogen (%)
2,0 2,5 3,0
0,3 0,4 0,5
K. Fodder radish (T3) and Chicory (T6) accumulated substantially more Na than the other catch crops. Due to the substantially higher DMP of the Vetiver grass (T8), it extracted more P from the soil than the other catch crops (figure 2). Dolichos beans (T7) extracted the most N and Mg from the soil. Chicory (T6) absorbed the most K, Ca and Na from the soil. In contrast, the Bottle brush grass (T9) and Weeping lovegrass (T10) catch crops extracted the least amount of elements from the soil. In general, the catch crops absorbed only a small percentage of the elements applied via the irrigation with diluted winery wastewater. 6 Conclusions The study showed that summer catch crops can be established using diluted winery wastewater for irrigation on open land. Dolichos beans and Chicory performed best in terms of DMP as summer catch crops. The added advantage of Vetiver grass was that it produced enough DMP to make bales which could potentially be sold. If element uptake from the soil is
Phosphorus (%)
Nitrogen (%)
1,5 2,0 2,5
0,2 0,3 0,4
1,0 1,5 2,0
0,1 0,2 0,3
0,5 1,0 1,5
0,0 0,1 0,2
0,0 0,5 1,0
Bottle brush grass
Bottle brush grass
Pearl millet
Pearl millet
Vetiver grass
Vetiver grass
Weeping love grass
Weeping love grass
Barsweet sorghum
Fodder radish
Cow peas
Chicory Dolichos beans
Barsweet sorghum
Fodder radish
Chicory Dolichos beans
E. teff
E. teff Cow peas
0,0 0,1
0,0 0,5
Bottle brush grass
Bottle brush grass
Pearl millet
Pearl millet
Vetiver grass
Vetiver grass
Weeping love grass
Weeping love grass
Barsweet sorghum
Fodder radish
Cow peas
Chicory Dolichos beans
Barsweet sorghum
Fodder radish
Chicory Dolichos beans
E. teff
E. teff Cow peas
5,0 0,0
2,0 0,0
Calcium (%)
Potassium (%) Cow peas
Bottle brush grass
Bottle brush grass
Pearl millet
Pearl millet
Vetiver grass
Vetiver grass
Weeping love grass
Weeping love grass
Barsweet sorghum
Fodder radish
Chicory Dolichos beans
Barsweet sorghum
Fodder radish
Chicory Dolichos beans
E. teff
E. teff Cow peas
4,0 5,0
0,0 0,5 0,5 1,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 1,5 2,0 0,0
Calcium (%)
Potassium (%)
3,0 4,0 5,0
Calcium (%)
Potassium (%)
2,0 3,0 4,0
1,0 2,0 3,0
0,0 1,0 2,0
Bottle brush grass
Bottle brush grass
Pearl millet
Pearl millet
Vetiver grass
Vetiver grass
Weeping love grass
Weeping love grass
Barsweet sorghum
Fodder radish
Cow peas
Chicory Dolichos beans
Barsweet sorghum
Fodder radish
Chicory Dolichos beans
E. teff
E. teff Cow peas
0,0 1,0
Bottle brush grass
Bottle brush grass
Pearl millet
Pearl millet
Vetiver grass
Vetiver grass
Weeping love grass
Weeping love grass
Barsweet sorghum
Fodder radish
Cow peas
Chicory Dolichos beans
Barsweet sorghum
Fodder radish
Chicory Dolichos beans
E. teff
E. teff Cow peas
0,5 0,0
7 0,0
Bottle brush grass
Bottle brush grass
Pearl millet
Pearl millet
Vetiver grass
Vetiver grass
Magnesium (%) E. teff Cow peas Chicory Dolichos beans
Weeping love grass
Weeping love grass
Barsweet sorghum
Fodder radish
Barsweet sorghum
Fodder radish
Chicory Dolichos beans
Sodium (g/kg)
E. teff Cow peas
0 1 2 3 1 2 4 2 3 5 3 4 6 4 5 7 5 6 6 7 0 1
0,4 0,5
Magnesium (%)
Sodium (g/kg)
0,3 0,4 0,5
Magnesium (%)
Sodium (g/kg)
0,2 0,3 0,4
0,1 0,2 0,3
0,0 0,1 0,2
Bottle brush grass
Bottle brush grass
Pearl millet
Pearl millet
Vetiver grass
Vetiver grass
Weeping love grass
Weeping love grass
Barsweet sorghum
Fodder radish
Cow peas
Chicory Dolichos beans
Barsweet sorghum
Fodder radish
Chicory Dolichos beans
E. teff
E. teff Cow peas
0,0 0,1
Pearl millet FIGURE 1. The average macro-element content of the catch crops which were irrigated with diluted winery wastewater on open land for four years. Barsweet sorghum Fodder radish E. teff Cow peas Chicory Dolichos beans Vetiver grass Bottle brush grass Weeping love grass Pearl millet Barsweet sorghum Fodder radish E. teff Cow peas Chicory Dolichos beans Vetiver grass Bottle brush grass Weeping love grass
0,0
0
Bottle brush grass
Bottle brush grass
Pearl millet
Pearl millet
Vetiver grass
Vetiver grass
Weeping love grass
Weeping love grass
Barsweet sorghum
Fodder radish
Cow peas
Chicory Dolichos beans
Barsweet sorghum
Fodder radish
Chicory Dolichos beans
E. teff
E. teff Cow peas
48
TECHNICAL YEARBOOK 2023
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