South Africa Wine Technical Yearbook 2025

occur in a company’s value chain). Figure 1.1 provides an overview of the three GHG Protocol scopes and categories of scope 3 emissions.

Developing a full corporate GHG emissions inventory – incorporating scope 1, scope 2, and scope 3 emissions – enables companies to understand their full emissions

CO 2 PFCs

CH 4 SF 6

N 2 O

HFCs

P

CO 2

CH 4

N 2 O

HFCs

Figure [1.1] Overview of GHG Protocol scopes and emissions across the value chain

CO 2

CH 4

N 2 O

HFCs

PFCs

SF 6

CO 2

CH 4

N 2 O

HFCs

PFCs

SF 6

CO 2

CH 4

N 2 O

HFCs

PFCs

SF 6

CO 2

CH 4

N 2 O

HFCs

PFCs

SF 6

purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use

CO 2 CO 2

CH 4

N 2 O

HFCs

PFCs

SF 6

N 2 O purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use

CH 4

HFCs

PFCs

SF 6

CO 2

CH 4

N 2 O

HFCs

PFCs

SF 6

HFCs purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use N 2 O HFCs SF 6 PFCs

CO 2

CH 4

N 2 O

PFCs

SF 6

CO 2

CH 4

N 2 O

HFCs

CO 2

CH 4

PFCs

SF 6

purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use

CO 2

CH 4

N 2 O

Scope 1 DIRECT HFCs SF 6 HFCs

PFCs

SF 6

N 2 O Scope 2 INDIRECT CH 4

transportation and distribution

processing of sold products

CO 2

N 2 O

PFCs

SF 6

CO 2

CH 4

HFCs

PFCs

SF 6

CO 2

CH 4

N 2 O

HFCs

PFCs

company facilities

CO 2

CH 4

N 2 O

HFCs company facilities

PFCs

SF 6

purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use

capital goods transportation and distribution

Scope 3 INDIRECT business travel fuel and energy related activities processing of sold products

purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use

transportation and distribution

processing of sold products

purchased goods and services

N 2 O purchased goods and services

HFCs capital goods

PFCs fuel and energy related activities

CO 2

CH 4

SF 6

company facilities

purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use CH 4 N 2 O purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use waste generated in operations Scope 3 INDIRECT company facilities HFCs purchased goods and services purchased goods and services purchased goods and services transportation and distribution fuel and energy related activities

company facilities

CO 2

PFCs

SF 6

transportation and distribution use of sold products

processing of sold products

capital goods

fuel and energy related activities

end-of-life treatment of sold products

fuel and energy related activities processing of sold products fuel and energy related activities business travel transportation and distribution end-of-life treatment of sold products

processing of sold products

capital goods

purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use transportation and distribution

transportation and distribution company facilities

waste generated in operations end-of-life treatment of sold products

purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use

business travel

use of sold products

company vehicles

transportation and distribution

processing of sold products

use of sold products

end-of-life treatment of sold products end-of-life treatment of sold products franchises

transportation and distribution

processing of sold products

capital goods

purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use

purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use

transportation and distribution transportation and distribution company vehicles

purchased goods and services

capital goods

company facilities business travel

purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use waste generated in operations transportation and distribution transportation and distribution

processing of sold products processing of sold products

company facilities waste generated in operations company facilities waste generated in operations leased assets

company vehicles transportation and distribution use of sold products transportation and distribution

processing of sold products processing of sold products

company facilities

transportation and distribution

processing of sold products

use of sold products

purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use

leased assets

employee commuting

investments

purchased electricity, steam, heating & cooling for own use

company vehicles

purchased goods and services purchased goods and services fuel and energy related activities purchased goods and services purchased goods and services transportation and distribution transportation and distribution purchased goods and services capital goods purchased goods and services waste generated in operations transportation and distribution leased assets business travel transportation and distribution transportation and distribution transportation and distribution capital goods

capital goods capital goods capital goods business travel

fuel and energy related activities transportation and distribution fuel and energy related activities fuel and energy related activities fuel and energy related activities fuel and energy related activities employee commuting business travel company facilities capital goods employee commuting business travel business travel business travel business travel

transportation and distribution business travel

processing of sold products

leased assets

employee commuting

transportation and distribution

company facilities company facilities processing of sold products

investments

transportation and distribution leased assets

fuel and energy related activities employee commuting fuel and energy related activities company facilities

purchased goods and services

capital goods

processing of sold products

investments transportation and distribution company facilities

transportation and distribution capital goods

purchased goods and services

capital goods

purchased goods and services

processing of sold products

company vehicles

company facilities leased assets company vehicles company facilities

capital goods

use of sold products

capital goods company facilities

end-of-life treatment of sold products end-of-life treatment of sold products end-of-life treatment of sold products

franchises

leased assets

use of sold products

end-of-life treatment of sold products

investments

transportation and distribution

end-of-life treatment of sold products processing of sold products company facilities end-of-life treatment of sold products

leased assets

franchises

use of sold products use of sold products

transportation and distribution transportation and distribution fuel and energy related activities purchased goods and services

purchased goods and services fuel and energy related activities fuel and energy related activities

purchased goods and services

capital goods

waste generated in operations waste generated in operations waste generated in operations investments waste generated in operations leased assets leased assets company vehicles

use of sold products

fuel and energy related activities leased assets company vehicles end-of-life treatment of sold products

use of sold products use of sold products

capital goods

use of sold products

franchises end-of-life treatment of sold products

business travel

waste generated in operations fuel and energy related activities waste generated in operations waste generated in operations

investments leased assets

leased assets

franchises

business travel company vehicles

transportation and distribution

employee commuting waste generated in operations

use of sold products

end-of-life treatment of sold products use of sold products

company vehicles company vehicles use of sold products

end-of-life treatment of sold products

company vehicles end-of-life treatment of sold products company vehicles end-of-life treatment of sold products

purchased goods and services

transportation and distribution business travel business travel waste generated in operations

company vehicles

use of sold products

end-of-life treatment of sold products

company vehicles

transportation and distribution business travel

waste generated in operations

transportation and distribution

waste generated in operations

business travel

waste generated in operations

company vehicles

use of sold products

employee commuting

investments

leased assets

franchises

company vehicles

employee commuting Upstream activities investments employee commuting leased assets leased assets business travel leased assets employee commuting waste generated in operations employee commuting employee commuting employee commuting investments employee commuting

investments

leased assets

franchises Downstream activities franchises

Reporting company leased assets

investments investments

leased assets company vehicles leased assets

transportation and distribution

leased assets

employee commuting

franchises

franchises

leased assets

investments

leased assets

franchises

investments

leased assets

franchises

leased assets

investments

leased assets

franchises

Source: WRI/WBCSD Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard (pdf). company vehicles leased assets franchises leased assets investments leased assets franchises investments leased assets franchises leased assets

employee commuting

leased assets

employee commuting

[05]

leased assets

employee commuting

investments

leased assets

franchises

leased assets

employee commuting

investments

leased assets

franchises

Scope 1: Direct emissions from owned or controlled sources (e.g., fuel used on-site). Scope 2: Indirect emissions from purchased electricity (e.g., Eskom power). Scope 3: Other indirect emissions related to product production (e.g., contractor fuel use). It is important to note that in CCC, only emissions directly related to the production of the commodity are included in Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions reported. Cost and licensing structure To use CCC’s online tool, businesses must purchase a license per carbon footprint calculation. However, the license is flexible, covering a farm, winery, packhouse, cold store and/or distribution as one business unit, multiple commodities and multiple farms (if these farms are managed similarly and located near each other). This allows businesses to model their operations cost-effectively under a single license. With the purchase of a CCC license, you will receive the following: • A detailed carbon footprint report that will assist with market access and help your business to transition to a lower carbon emission intensity. • A review of your data to identify gaps or errors and to help you get to an accurate and highly credible result. • Readiness for audit requirements such as SIZA, IPW, etc.

LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) A broader environmental assessment measuring various impacts (e.g., water use, biodiversity and human health). While valuable, LCAs are typically more resource intensive. An initial LCA can serve as a baseline, with regular PCFs used for ongoing monitoring. Together, PCFs and CCFs allow businesses to holistically assess their climate impact, meet legal obligations, and align with buyer expectations under frameworks like the EU Green Deal or PEF. Emission factors and local relevance CCC updates its emission factors annually – or more often if needed – based on the latest available data. These factors are sourced from reputable databases such as Defra, Ecoinvent, and peer-reviewed scientific research. Where applicable, local emission factors are used. For example, South African businesses use Eskom’s emission factor for grid electricity, Consol’s factor for locally purchased glass, and up-to-date LCA data for certain packaging materials. Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions in CCC While the classification of emissions into Scope 1, 2 and 3 is more commonly associated with corporate carbon footprinting, CCC also applies this framework to product level emissions. Therefore, CCC categorises emissions into Scope 1, 2 and 3 in its reports:

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TECHNICAL YEARBOOK 2025