A Guide to Grapevine Abnormalities in South Africa - P.G. GOUSSARD

Strangulation (509); build-up of bearers (510).

PHOTO 509. An example where the cordon wire has been deeply grooved into the wood and practically covered, in which case possible strangulating effects should not be disregarded.

PHOTO 510. A situation where unsound/incorrect winter pruning practices resulted in the grotesque elongation/build-up of bearers/spurs. Also note the strangulating effect (09:00 position) caused on the applicable cordon arm by the deeply grooved rope.

328 • A Guide to Grapevine Abnormalities in South Africa