A Guide to Grapevine Abnormalities in South Africa - P.G. GOUSSARD

Drowning.

PHOTO 421. In instances where persistent accumulation of water occurs below the surface of the soil, it is trickier to ascribe such situations to drowning exclusively. Consequently thorough soil and root examinations are required in order to clarify the actual cause(s) of the demise of grapevines in this example.

PHOTO 422. An example of the root system(s) of drowned, dead grapevines, as in Photos 420 and 421, which show broken roots and an associated sour smell.

268 • A Guide to Grapevine Abnormalities in South Africa