A Guide to Grapevine Abnormalities in South Africa - P.G. GOUSSARD

First page Table of contents Next page Last page
FOREWORD1
INTRODUCTION3
CONTENTS6
PART 18
1 PLANT MATERIAL PROBLEMS8
PART 214
2 FUNGAL DISEASES14
2.1 Oidium16
2.2 Downy mildew28
2.3 Dead-arm disease40
2.4 Anthracnose47
2.5 Botrytis (grey rot)53
2.6 Sour rot and blue-green / black moulds62
2.7.1 Fungal diseases associated with wood and root rotting/dieback70
2.7.2 Fungal diseases associated with wood and root rotting/dieback81
PART 394
3 BACTERIAL DISEASES94
3.1 Bacterial blight95
3.2 Crown gall103
PART 4110
4 VIRUS AND VIRUS-LIKE DISEASES110
4.1 Fanleaf112
4.2 Leafroll120
4.3 Stem grooving and corky bark(rugose wood complex)136
4.4 Shiraz disease146
4.5 Shiraz decline157
4.6 Fleck and enation161
4.7 Aster Yellows169
PART 5177
5 GRAPEVINE PESTS177
5.1 Phylloxera, margarodes and nematodes178
5.2 Snout beetles and long-horned grasshoppers186
5.3 Mealybug and ants198
5.4 Erinose and bud mite208
5.5 Stem-borers, snails and fruit fly215
5.6 Leafhoppers, boll-worm, leaf roller caterpillars, spring beetles, wilting beetles and thrips226
5.7 Birds, bagworms, rodents, white ants, dassies, antelopes and moths/butterflies238
PART 6249
6 ABIOTIC ABNORMALITIES249
6.1 Wind, heat, sunburn and frost damage250
6.2 Drought, drowning and salinity262
6.3 Hail, lightning, sulphur burn, bunch stem necrosis and growth arrestment272
PART 7282
7 GENETIC DEVIATIONS282
PART 8296
8 DEFICIENCIES AND TOXICITY OF NUTRITIONAL ELEMENTS296
PART 9308
HERBICIDE PHYTOTOXICITY308
PART 10322
10 INJUDICIOUS/FAULTY CULTIVATION PRACTICES/ACTIONS322
PART 11335
11 VARIA335
CONCLUSION347
REFERENCES/ADDITIONAL READING AND VIEWING MATERIAL348
INDEX356

Made with FlippingBook Ebook Creator